From: Subject: Cyanazine Date: Tue, 20 Aug 2013 16:44:13 -0400 MIME-Version: 1.0 Content-Type: multipart/related; type="text/html"; boundary="----=_NextPart_000_0000_01CE9DC4.806D9860" X-MimeOLE: Produced By Microsoft MimeOLE V6.00.2900.5579 This is a multi-part message in MIME format. ------=_NextPart_000_0000_01CE9DC4.806D9860 Content-Type: text/html; charset="utf-8" Content-Transfer-Encoding: quoted-printable Content-Location: http://pmep.cce.cornell.edu/profiles/extoxnet/carbaryl-dicrotophos/cyanazine-ext.html =EF=BB=BF Cyanazine
PMEP Home=20 Page 3D"--"=20 src=3D"http://pmep.cce.cornell.edu/images/wedge.gif" = width=3D13=20 border=3D0> Pesticide=20 Active Ingredient Information 3D"--"=20 src=3D"http://pmep.cce.cornell.edu/images/wedge.gif" = width=3D13=20 border=3D0> EXTOXNE= T:=20 The Extension Toxicology Network 3D"--"=20 src=3D"http://pmep.cce.cornell.edu/images/wedge.gif" = width=3D13=20 border=3D0> Carbaryl=20 to Dicrotophos 3D"--"=20 src=3D"http://pmep.cce.cornell.edu/images/wedge.gif" = width=3D13=20 border=3D0> Cyanazine
E  X  T  O  X  = ;N  E  T=20
Extension Toxicology Network=20

A Pesticide Information Project of Cooperative = Extension=20 Offices of Cornell University, Michigan State University, Oregon State=20 University, and University of California at Davis. Major support and = funding was=20 provided by the USDA/Extension Service/National Agricultural Pesticide = Impact=20 Assessment Program.

  Pesticide
Information
Profile 		Cyanazine

Publication Date: 9/93=20

TRADE OR OTHER NAMES

Trade names include Bladex, DW3418, = Fortrol,and=20 Payze. Cyanazine may be used in combinbation with other herbicides.=20

INTRODUCTION

Cyanazine is a triazine herbicide used as a pre and = postemergent to control annual grasses and broadleaf weeds. By 1985 = ninety-six=20 percent of cyanazine was used on corn, three percent on cotton, and less = than=20 one percent on grain sorghum and wheat fallow (7).=20

Cyanazine is classified by the EPA as a Restricted Use Pesticide = (RUP)=20 because of its teratogenicity and because it has been found in = groundwater (9).=20 Restricted Use Pesticides may be purchased and used only by certified=20 applicators.=20

TOXICOLOGICAL EFFECTS

ACUTE TOXICITY

Cyanazine is moderately toxic to mammals. = Wettable powder=20 and liquid formulations are labeled with a WARNING signal word while = granular=20 formulations are labeled with a CAUTION signal word. The oral LD50 for = rats=20 ranges from 182 mg/kg to 332 mg/day. The oral LD50 is 380 mg/kg for mice = and 141=20 mg/kg for rabbits (4).=20 Poisoned animals have labored breathing and blood in their saliva (4).=20 The pesticide also causes inactivity and depression in laboratory = animals. The=20 dermal LD50 in rabbits treated with technical cyanazine is greater than = 2,000=20 mg/kg, and the dermal LD50 in rats is greater than 1,200 mg/kg (6).=20

CHRONIC TOXICITY

Rats fed very low doses (1.25 mg/kg) for two = years=20 showed no toxicological effects.=20

Reproductive Effects

In a long-term study of rats fed cyanazine, = moderate doses resulted in decreased weight gain in the parents and = increased=20 brain weights and decreased kidney weights in third generation offspring = (6).=20 Toxic effects on the fetus were also observed in experiments on rabbits = using=20 comparable doses.=20

Teratogenic Effects

Cyanazine can cause a wide range of birth = defects=20 in animals over a wide range of doses. When female rats were fed = cyanazine=20 through a stomach tube during the sensitive period of pregnancy, they = ate less=20 food and their fetuses had incomplete bone development. At the higher = doses,=20 fetuses showed cleft palates and the absence of, or underdeveloped = eyeballs (6).=20 Other birth defects include abnormalities in diaphragm development and = changes=20 in the brain. Birth defects have been observed in the offspring of = pregnant rats=20 fed cyanazine during gestation at doses as low as 1 mg/kg.=20

Mutagenic Effects

Cyanazine is not mutagenic.=20

Carcinogenic Effects

It is not likely that cyanazine poses a = cancer=20 threat to mammals. A study evaluated the carcinogenicity of the compound = in mice=20 and found, up to the maximum dose tested (50 mg/kg), no evidence of = cancer in=20 the animals.=20

Organ Toxicity

One effect of cyanazine in animals is the = depression of=20 the central nervous system. In addition, several long term feeding = studies in=20 rats and mice at moderate doses (up to 225 mg/kg) showed that cyanazine=20 decreases body weight gain and increases liver weights (6).=20

Fate in Humans and Animals

Low doses of cyanazine fed to rats, = dogs, and=20 cows are rapidly absorbed from the gastro-intestinal tract. In a study = on rats=20 and dogs, much of the cyanazine ingested was eliminated from animals = within four=20 days (6).=20 There is some tendency for the compound to accumulate in animal tissue.=20 Cyanazine can accumulate in the brain, liver, kidney, muscle, and fat = (6).=20

Cows fed very low amounts of cyanazine in their daily ration = eliminated up to=20 88 percent of the cyanazine in urine and feces within 21 days. The = concentration=20 in cows' milk was very low, 0.022 ppm (6).=20

ECOLOGICAL EFFECTS

Cyanazine is only slightly toxic to birds, fish and aquatic = invertebrates (4,=20 5).=20 The LC50 for cyanazine in harlequin fish is 10 mg/l, and 18 mg/l in = sheepshead=20 minnow (8).=20 It is non-toxic to bees. Mallards are only slightly affected by the = compound.=20 The LC50 in mallards is in excess of 2,000 mg/kg. Cyanazine, however, is = moderately toxic to quail with an LC50 of 400 mg/kg.=20

ENVIRONMENTAL FATE

When applied to the soil, cyanazine is = absorbed by=20 the roots and is translocated up the plant into the leaves. This = herbicide works=20 by inhibiting photosynthesis.=20

Cyanazine can be transported in runoff, sediment and water, and it = can leach=20 through the soil to the groundwater. Cyanazine has been found in = numerous=20 groundwater samples at very low concentrations (1 - 80 ppb) (6).=20 The EPA does not consider cyanazine to have significant groundwater=20 contamination potential, but a groundwater advisory statement on = cyanazine=20 product labels is required because of reported contamination.=20

Cyanazine quickly degrades in many soil types (7)=20 mostly due to the action of microbes. Applied at 5 to 10 ppm, cyanazine = has a=20 half-life of 2 to 4 weeks in an air-dried sandy clay loam, 7 to 10 weeks = in a=20 sandy loam soil, 10 to 14 weeks in a clay soil, and 9 weeks in a fresh = sandy=20 clay soil. In all four soils, three degradation products were identified = (6).=20 This chemical undergoes slight decomposition by sunlight. The rate of=20 evaporation of cyanazine from soil is very slow.=20

PHYSICAL PROPERTIES AND GUIDELINES

Cyanazine is a member of the=20 s-triazine chemical family. Its molecular weight is 240.73. This = odorless, white=20 crystalline solid is incompatible with metals.=20

Exposure Guidelines:

NOEL: 1.25 mg/kg/day (6)
ADI: 0.0013 mg/kg/day (6)
Drinking water
health = advisory:		 Drinking Water Equivalent Level (DWEL): 0.013 mg/L = (child);=20 0.046 mg/L (adult) (6)

Physical Properties:

CAS #: 21725-46-2
Solubility in water: 171 mg/L at 25 degrees C (8)
Solubility in solvents: soluble in benzene, chloroform, alcohol, and = hexane.=20 Slightly soluble (<10%) in xylene, ethanol, chlorobenzene. = Soluble=20 (21%) in chlorofor and methyl-cyclohexanone.
Melting point: (167 degrees C) (4)
Vapor pressure: 1.6 X 10 to the minus 9 power mm Hg (8)=20 to 7.5 x 10 to the minus 9 power mm Hg at 20 degrees C (6)
Kow: 2.24 (6)
Koc: 190

BASIC MANUFACTURER

Du Pont Agricultural Products
Walker's = Mill,=20 Barley Mill Plaza
P.O. Box 80038
Wilmington, Deleware = 19880
Telephone=20 800-441-7515=20

Review by Basic Manufacturer:

Comments solicited: November,=20 1992
Comments received: November, 1992=20

REFERENCES

  1. Bucher, K.H., ed., and Holmwood, G.M. 1983. Chemistry of = Pesticides.=20 John Wiley & Sons.
  2. Environmental Protection Agency. Office of Pesticide Programs. = Pesticide Fact Sheet on Cyanazine. No. 41. Dec. 31, 1984.
  3. Hance, R.J., ed. 1980. Interactions Between Herbicides and the = Soil.=20 Academic Press.
  4. Occupational Health Services. Material Safety Data Sheet on = Cyanazine.=20 3/17/87 OHS: NY.
  5. Rao, K.S. and Dad, N.K. Studies of herbicide toxicity in some=20 freshwater fishes and ectoprocta. J. Fish. Bio. 14: 517-522, 1979.
  6. U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. Office of Drinking = Water.=20 "Cyanazine Health Advisory." Draft Report. August 1987.
  7. U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. Office of Pesticides and = Toxic=20 Substances. Cyanazine. Special Review Position. Document 1. Washington = DC,=20 April 1985.
  8. Windholz, M., et al., eds. Cyanazine. The Merck Index. 10th = edition.=20 p.384. Rahway, NJ: Merck & Co., 1983.
  9. Walker, M.M. and L.H. Keith. 1992. EPA's Pesticide Fact Sheet=20 Database. Lewis Publishers, Chelsea, MI.


Disclaimer: Please read = the pesticide=20 label prior to use. The information contained at this web site is not a=20 substitute for a pesticide label. Trade names used herein are for = convenience=20 only; no endorsement of products is intended, nor is criticism of = unnamed=20 products implied. Most of this information is historical in nature and = may no=20 longer be applicable.=20
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